It’s been nearly eight years since Intel canceled Tejas and announced its plans for a new multi-core architecture. The press wasted little time in declaring conventional CPU scaling dead — and while the media has a tendency to bury products, trends, and occasionally people well before their expiration date, this is one declaration that’s stood the test of time.

To understand the magnitude of what happened in 2004 it may help to consult the following chart. It shows transistor counts, clock speeds, power consumption, and instruction-level parallelism (ILP). The doubling of transistor counts every two years is known as Moore’s law, but over time, assumptions about performance and power consumption were also made and shown to advance along similar lines. Moore got all the credit, but he wasn’t the only visionary at work. For decades, microprocessors followed what’s known as Dennard scaling. Dennard predicted that oxide thickness, transistor length, and transistor width could all be scaled by a constant factor. Dennard scaling is what gave Moore’s law its teeth; it’s the reason the general-purpose microprocessor was able to overtake and dominate other types of computers.

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