Maks opet seruckas kao i uvijek....

Ajde ti lijepo pokazi odkud je ovo sa koje stranice a ne iz koje knjige...da i mi direktno mozemo tamo citati...jer ovako kao uvijek postajes vise nego smijesan sa tim da ti kao places o nekim zrtvama, a na drugoj strani ti opravdavas Mladica...

Strasno kako si dvolican... no vidim ti imas dovoljno vremena da tekstove obiljezis razlicitim bojama...


Mesić: Gadovi nas uvjeravaju da zločin nije bio tako strašan
izvor: jutarnji.hr

Mesić je još jednom nagasio nužnost pamćenja strahota Jasenovca, dok je predstavnik zatočenika osudio ponašanje Crkve i onda i danas

JASENOVAC - I danas se nađe dosta gadova koji bi nas htjeli uvjeriti kako zločin nije bio tako strašan, ako je uopće počinjen, kako se u logorima poput Jasenovca sasvim dobro živjelo i preživljavalo, kako je ubojica bilo i na drugoj strani, pa to valjda poništava masovna ubijanja počinjena ovdje, te kako se strahote koncentracijskih logora zapravo izmišljaju da bi se cijeli narodi mogli optužiti kao genocidni - istaknuo je predsjednik Republike Stjepan Mesić ispod spomenika Kameni cvijet na mjestu bivšeg koncentracijskog logora u Jasenovcu.

Na komemoraciju, kojom su se obilježavale 63 godine od proboja oko 600 preživjelih logoraša, osim predsjednika Republike, predsjednika Sabora Luke Bebića te izaslanice premijera Jadranke Kosor, pristiglo je oko dvije tisuće ljudi, među kojima je bilo i desetak još živih bivših logoraša iz Hrvatske, BiH, Srbije i Slovenije.

Žalosno je, ali istinito, da su ustaše imale izdašnu pomoć većeg dijela katoličkog klera, koji i danas, kao posljednji bastion, brani taj poredak i uzdiže Bleiburg

Ivan Fumić
Kao i proteklih godina, vrh Katoličke crkve u Hrvatskoj minorizirao je i ovogodišnju komemoraciju, poslavši jasenovačkog župnika Marija Cimbala.

A upravo je ponašanje Katoličke crkve u svom govoru posebno apostrofirao Ivan Fumić, predstavnik zatočenika jasenovačkog logora.

- Žalosno je, ali istinito, da su ustaše imale izdašnu pomoć većeg dijela katoličkog klera, koji i danas, kao posljednji bastion, brani taj poredak i uzdiže Bleiburg - istaknuo je Fumić, uz zdušno odobravanje okupljenih.




I dok su predsjedniku Mesiću, koji je bio glavna zvijezda komemoracije, i Fumiću okupljeni zdušno pljeskali, izlazak potpredsjednice Vlade Jadranke Kosor i predsjednika Sabora Luke Bebića za govornicu izazvao je prosvjede i zvižduke okupljenih. No, na kraju obraćanja ipak su dobili pljesak.

- Jasenovački logor trajni je znak nesnošljivosti i zločina koji se više nikad ne smije ponoviti. Zlu fašizma suprotstavio se hrvatski narod u narodnooslobodilačkom pokretu koji je preteča demokratske Hrvatske. Istinu ne skrivamo i nećemo dopustiti da se ustaški zločini zaborave - naglasila je Kosor.

U sličnom tonu pridružio joj se i Luka Bebić. - Ovo je jedno od najzloglasnijih stratišta Drugog svjetskog rata. Ovdje se nalaze žrtve bezumne politike, ustaša i nacizma koji su počinili zločin koji je zauvijek okaljao povijest civilizacije - poručio je predsjednik Sabora.

Ovakvim istupima bio je zadovoljan i Mesić koji je svojim suradnicima objašnjavao da su i Jadranka i Luka održali dobre govore. Nakon polaganja vijenaca u kripti spomenika mnoštvo okupljenih još se oko sat vremena zadržalo i evociralo svoje uspomene na partizanske dane.

Ni zec da utekne


Za "Brzi sklop" (oklopna jedinica) koji su posedovali ustaše, a koji se dotle nalazio u nadstrešnicama i radionicama pored logora, odmah posle bombardovanja je prebačen kod nekadašnje pravoslavne crkve u Jasenovcu, gde su za njega napravljene nove zgrade. Logor Jasenovac je bio pod stalnim i jakim obezbeđenjem, okružen žicom sa stražarima. Prazan prostor je bio opasan zidom visokim nekoliko metara sa stražarima. Na samoj Savi bila su utvrđenja i rovovi. Ni zec iz takvog utvrđenja nije mogao da pobegne.


Preko Save, do Bosanske Dubice, bili su bunkeri i stražarnice, što je onemogućavalo bežanje, pa čak i samu pomisao na bekstvo, završio je svoje svedočenje J. Erlih.


U vezi sa licitiranjem broja žrtava u Jasenovcu od strane V. Žerjavića iz Zagreba, na konferenciji u NJujorku, J. Erlih je zatražio da se V. Žerjaviću obrati sa katedre sledećim rečima:


"Posle upoznavanja sa stastičkim podacima poginulih u Jasenovcu, gde sam bio zatočenik tri godine, do samog proboja 22. aprila 1945. mogu da izjavim sledeće: Obično se kaže da pobednik piše istoriju, a politika se vodi prema dnevnim potrebama. Moram da kažem da je u vezi broja stradalih Jevreja, Srba, Roma i drugih pobednik ćutao i nije ni pokušao da napiše istoriju o logoru, pa su to uradili sami logoraši. Znači, logoraši smatraju da je u logoru ubijeno preko 700.000 ljudi. Sada se politika vodi prema dnevnim potrebama tj. umanjenju broja žrtava i skidanja odgovornosti sa najvećih zločinaca ovog veka. Moje mišljenje je da bi gospodin Žerjavić mogao da vodi licitaciju ljudskih duša kod Sotbija, no i tu bi sigurno njegovo izlaganje doživelo puni debakl, ali bi možda kod najveće svetske reakcije imalo velikog uspeha, jer su tamo i za to, uveren sam, utrošena velika sredstva za vreme koje tek, nažalost, dolazi.

извор ; www.srpsko-nasledje.co.yu

Dobro ako cemo samo postavljati ovako kao Maks jer on ne zna pricati kako je svima ocigledno...ili lijepi ili vrijedja...

JASENOVAC
izvor: http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/article.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005449
     
The Jasenovac camp complex consisted of five detention facilities established between August 1941 and February 1942 by the authorities of the so-called Independent State of Croatia. As Germany and its Axis allies invaded and dismembered Yugoslavia in April 1941, the Germans and the Italians endorsed the proclamation of the so-called Independent State of Croatia by the fanatically nationalist, fascist, separatist, and terrorist Ustaša organization on April 10, 1941.

After seizing power, the Ustaša authorities erected numerous concentration camps in Croatia between 1941 and 1945. These camps were used to isolate and murder Jews, Serbs, Roma (also known as Gypsies), and other non-Catholic minorities, as well as Croatian political and religious opponents of the regime. The largest of these centers was the Jasenovac complex, a string of five camps on the bank of the Sava River, about 60 miles south of Zagreb. It is presently estimated that the Ustaša regime murdered between 56,000 and 97,000 people in Jasenovac between 1941 and 1945.
   

     

Major Nazi and Axis camps in southern Europe
See maps

In late August 1941, the Croat authorities established the first two camps of the Jasenovac complex -- Krapje and Brocica. These two camps were closed four months later. The other three camps in the complex were: Ciglana, established in November 1941 and dismantled in April 1945; Kozara, established in February 1942 and dismantled in April 1945; and Stara Gradiška, which had been an independent holding center for political prisoners since the summer of 1941 and was converted into a concentration camp for women in the winter of 1942.

The camps were guarded by Croatian political police and personnel of the Ustasa militia, which was the paramilitary organization of the Ustaša movement.
   

          
Jovanka was one of six children born to Serbian Orthodox parents in a ...
Personal stories
        
 

     

Conditions in the Jasenovac camps were horrendous. Prisoners received minimal food. Shelter and sanitary facilities were totally inadequate. Worse still, the guards cruelly tortured, terrorized, and murdered prisoners at will.
   

     

Between its establishment in 1941 and its evacuation in April 1945, Croat authorities murdered thousands of people at Jasenovac. Among the victims were: between 45,000 and 52,000 Serb residents of the so-called Independent State of Croatia; between 8,000 and 20,000 Jews; between 8,000 and 15,000 Roma (Gypsies); and between 5,000 and 12,000 ethnic Croats and Muslims, who were political and religious opponents of the regime.

The Croat authorities murdered between 330,000 and 390,000 ethnic Serb residents of Croatia and Bosnia during the period of Ustaša rule; more than 30,000 Croatian Jews were killed either in Croatia or at Auschwitz-Birkenau.

Between 1941 and 1943, Croat authorities deported Jews from throughout the so-called Independent State to Jasenovac and shot many of them at the nearby killing sites of Granik and Gradina. The camp complex management spared those Jews who possessed special skills or training, such as physicians, electricians, carpenters, and tailors. In two deportation operations, in the summer of 1942 and in March 1943, Croat authorities permitted the Germans to transfer most of Croatia's surviving Jews (about 7,000 in total), including most of those still alive in Jasenovac, to Auschwitz-Birkenau in German-occupied Poland.

As the Partisan Resistance Movement under the command of Communist leader Josip Tito approached Jasenovac in late April 1945, several hundred prisoners rose against the camp guards. Many of the prisoners were killed; a few managed to escape. The guards murdered most of the surviving prisoners before dismantling the last three Jasenovac camps in late April. The Partisans overran Jasenovac in early May 1945.

Determining the number of victims for Yugoslavia, for Croatia, and for Jasenovac is highly problematic, due to the destruction of many relevant documents, the long-term inaccessibility to independent scholars of those documents that survived, and the ideological agendas of postwar partisan scholarship and journalism, which has been and remains influenced by ethnic tension, religious prejudice, and ideological conflict. The estimates offered here are based on the work of several historians who have used census records as well as whatever documentation was available in German, Croat, and other archives in the former Yugoslavia and elsewhere.

As more documents become accessible and more research is conducted into the records of the Ustaša regime, historians and demographers may be able to determine more precise figures than are now available.
   

http://www.ushmm.org/museum/exhibit/online/jasenovac/ Malo takodje o Jasenovcu...

CROATIA
izvor: http://www.operationlastchance.org/CROATIA_OLC%20Activities_1.htm        

During World War II Croatia, which during the interwar period had been part of Yugoslavia, was established as an “independent” satellite state of Nazi Germany which was ruled by the “Ustasha” Croatian fascists and implemented policies of genocide and ethnic cleansing against local minorities. Hundreds of thousands of innocent civilian Serbs, Jews and Gypsies were harshly persecuted and/or murdered by the Croatian authorities who established numerous concentration camps throughout the country to implement their racist policies. The largest of these was Jasenovac, which was nicknamed “the Auschwitz of the Balkans” and in which at lest 85,000 civilians were murdered.

After World War II many of those responsible for these crimes were prosecuted by the Yugoslav authorities, but numerous perpetrators were able to escape punishment by fleeing abroad, including Ustasha leader Ante Pavelic who was head of state in independent Croatia.

Following the breakup of Yugoslavia and the renewal of Croatian independence, the Croatian authorities did not initiate any investigations of Holocaust crimes and Croatian President Franjo Tudjman published the views of Holocaust deniers in his book The Wastelands of Historical Reality.

During the past five years, Croatia has successfully prosecuted former Jasenovac commandant Dinko Sakic, who was extradited from Argentina, but his case remains the only such achievement to date, and many other potential cases await investigation and possible legal action.
   

Croatia tries to shed light on dark chapter in its history

izvor:http://www.iht.com/articles/2006/11/27/news/croatia.php

JASENOVAC, Croatia: As histories of the Holocaust go, that of the concentration camp at Jasenovac probably ranks among the most brutal and certainly the most disputed.

Almost everyone agrees that the Nazi puppet regime that ruled Croatia from 1941 to 1945 imprisoned hundreds of thousands of Serbs, Jews, Gypsies and opponents here and in dozens of other camps and that many, many prisoners were killed.

But in the 61 years since the camp was closed, successive governments have written and rewritten history. Communist and nationalist rulers, Serbs and Croats, each pursuing their own ideological goals, have apportioned blame differently and alternately exaggerated or downplayed the number of those killed.

On Monday, Croatia opened a new museum in Jasenovac, a memorial regarded by many inside and outside the country as a test of this young state - which declared independence from Yugoslavia in 1991, fought the Serbs over that for four years, and is now trying to get into the European Union - and its ability both to set aside and set straight its 20th-century history.

Prime Minister Ivo Sanader insisted at the ceremonies Monday that "today's Croatia does not want to stay silent about the dark pages of its past."
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But, after decades of distortion, writing truth on those pages is hard.

As with most of the former Nazi or Nazi-inspired death camps that dot central and eastern Europe, there is little sense today of what occurred here. Green lawns and avenues of trees have grown up where barracks and workshops used to stand; poplars sway gracefully next to the languid River Sava, which skirts the camp.

A large concrete monument in the shape of a flower - a classic of 1960s communist architecture, built during the rule of Josip Broz Tito - stands alone in the center of a field.

What distinguished the killing at Jasenovac was its randomness, and its ferocity. There were no gas ovens; prisoners died by having their throats slit and their skulls smashed. Others were shot or hanged from telegraph polls and the trees that lined the Sava.

Under the Communist Yugoslavia of Tito, official historians put the number of dead at more than 700,000, the vast majority of them Serbs.

Gruesome exhibits - some of which were not from Jasenovac - were set up to endorse this version; under the Tito regime, which placed the slogan "Brotherhood and Unity" above the bloody rifts of Balkan history, where all overt nationalism was suspect and even singing a nationalist song could result in imprisonment, the exhibits served as a proof for many Serbs of their suffering at the hands of the Croats.

In 1991, after Croatia declared independence from Belgrade, Serbian forces seized the site, damaged the museum and took away most of its contents.

In 1995, Jasenovac fell back into Croatian hands; simultaneously the official death toll fell to less than 40,000. The president of Croatia at the time, Franjo Tudjman, who had spearheaded the drive for independence and brought a distinct nationalist hue to politics and history, announced a plan to bury at the site the bones of those killed on both sides in World War II. Jasenovac survivors and Jewish groups thwarted this idea to mix, as they saw it, the remains of victims and perpetrators.

Tudjman died in 1999. His party, the Croatian Democratic Union, still dominates Croatia but now seeks to jettison its nationalist image.

And so the new museum and exhibition has been organized in cooperation with the Holocaust Museum in Washington and the one at Yad Vashem, Israel.

Politicians and curators are aware that their task is to confront ideas propagated by Tudjman - namely that the Nazi-backed Ustasha government of Croatia was a benevolent rather than fascist government, which fought for the interests of Roman Catholic Croats against both Communists and nationalist, Orthodox Serbs.

Croatia's current president, Stipe Mesic, a Tudjman ally in 1991 who later turned against him, noted at the opening ceremony the need for continuing vigilance against nationalism and historical distortion.

"Young people are led to sing songs about the butchers of the Ustasha regime, and even the commander of this camp" at rock concerts in Croatia, Mesic said. "They have to be saved."

The new exhibition is quick to acknowledge the competing views of different regimes. The wildly varying estimates of those killed were "a result of using Jasenovac for political purposes," reads a sign near the entrance. Researchers at the museum say they have proof that 69,842 people were killed, almost 19,000 of them children. Nationality and ethnicity are not listed.

A series of darkened rooms reveals video screens with testimonies of survivors. The names of the dead are listed on ceilings and walls.

There is little to recall the cruelty and degradation; the museum focuses on personal stories, not historical background.

"There is nothing here to explain how this happened," said Efraim Zuroff, Jerusalem director of the Simon Wiesenthal Center, who attended the opening. There is no context.

"Jasenovac was not a tsunami. It didn't just happen. A young person walking in there won't understand how the state came to power and why it targeted those people."

The exhibition won praise from members of the Holocaust Museum in Washington, who advised the curators and are also working on an education program about the Holocaust for Croatian schools.

The museum's director said Croatia faced more difficulties than most countries when talking about the Holocaust, because of the more recent 1990s war.

"During Communist times, bones were on display here," said Natasa Jovicic, the director, who lost dozens of relatives here. "Films were shown that were so horrific, people were fainting."

"You have to remember that Jasenovac was used as an excuse by Serbs in their war crime trials," she said, referring to Serbs accused of violent crimes against Croats in the 1990s conflict.

"In other countries, where there have not been wars, it is different, but here we have to be doubly careful," she said. "There is nothing here that can be used for political propaganda or hatred."

About two dozen survivors attended the ceremony. Some carried former ration cards from the camp, and photos of friends who perished.

Shua Abinun, 87, a survivor, had not yet seen the new exhibition, because the rooms were too crowded. What he had heard suggested it might be an improvement, he said. "But with every government, you know, it changes," he added, and laughed.

Рват...нешто си ми нервозан 
Не ваља ти то 
Ајде вежбај мало...требаће ти када будеш решио да летиш односно прескачеш зидове...како би био мало са нама Србима ! 

O broju žrtava koncentracijskog logora Jasenovac, njihovoj vjerskoj i nacionalnoj strukturi, postoje različite procjene i pretpostavke:

    * 50.002 žrtava po poimeničnom nepotpunom popisu žrtava
    * 60.000 do 70.000 žrtava prema procjeni Franje Tuđmana objavljenoj u knjizi "Bespuća povijesne zbiljnosti"
    * 60.000 do 90.000 žrtava prema procjeni Slavka Goldsteina
    * 70.000 žrtava prema istraživanjima dr. Bogoljuba Kočovića,
    * 83.000 žrtava prema istraživanjima Vladimira Žerjavića
    * 100.000 žrtava, brojka koja se navodi u United States Holocaust Memorial Museum u Washingtonu
    * 500.000 - 600.000 žrtava prema službenoj izjavi Zemaljskog povjerenstva Hrvatske za utvrđivanje zločina okupatora i njihovih pomagača 1945.
    * 600.000 žrtava, brojka koju navodi Centar Simon Wiesenthal
    * 700.000-1.2 milijuna žrtava, brojka koju je povjesničar Vladimir Dedijer iznio u knjizi "Novi prilozi"

Neumjerena preuveličavanja i neumjesna smanjivanja, kao i korištenje broja žrtava u dnevno-političke svrhe, bila su omogućena činjenicom da stvarni broj žrtava nije nikada službeno verificiran, a poimenični popisi žrtava rata iz 1946., 1950. i 1964. nisu bili cjelovito objavljivani. Prema poimeničnom popisu iz 1964. godine, uz upozorenje priređivača da je popis nepotpun, u logoru Jasenovac smrtno je stradalo 50 002, a u Staroj Gradiški 9 587 osoba, ukupno 59 589 popisanih žrtava.

Demografska istraživanja Vladimira Žerjavića i dr. Bogoljuba Kočovića, koji su radili neovisno jedan od drugoga, dala su slične rezultate. Prema Žerjaviću proizlazi da je u Jasenovcu stradalo oko 83 000 osoba (od toga između 45 i 52 tisuće Srba, 12 tisuća Hrvata i Muslimana, 13 tisuća Židova i 10 tisuća Roma), dok je dr. Kočović došao do procjene da je u Jasenovcu život izgubilo oko 70 000 ljudi. Okvirne procjene ove dvojice stručnih istraživača do sada nisu opovrgnute nikakvim znanstveno utemeljenim argumentima. Posljednja istraživanja Memorijalnog centra Jasenovac, u kojima su žrtve pobrojane imenima i prezimenima, a mogu se provjeriti i u arhivu Centra, govore o oko 69 000 žrtava raznih nacionalnosti.

Izvor: http://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koncentracijski_logor_Jasenovac

@Ivane (Hrvatsko ime)
Jadan ti kada nemas nikakvih argumenata...nego i dalje pricas gluposti... no na to smo svi navikli...

Ili te ovo pogadja jer ne razumijes engleski...?

WHAT WAS JASENOVAC?
From August 1941 to April 1945, hundreds of thousands of Serbs, Jews, and Romas, as well as anti-fascists of many nationalities, were murdered at the death camp known as Jasenovac. Estimates of the total numbers of men, women and children killed there range from 300,000 to 700,000. And yet, despite the scale of the crimes committed there, most of the world has never heard of Jasenovac.

Following the Nazi invasion and dismemberment of Yugoslavia in April 1941, the "Independent State of Croatia" was established as a pro-Nazi government. It was dedicated to a clerical-fascist ideology influenced both by Nazism and extreme Roman Catholic fanaticism. On coming to power, the Ustashe Party dictatorship in Croatia quickly commenced on a systematic policy of racial extermination of all Serbs, Jews and Romas living within its borders.

Jasenovac was actually a complex of five major and three smaller "special" camps spread out over 240 square kilometers (150 square miles) in south-central Croatia. Along with hundreds of thousands of Serbs, some 25,000 Jews and at least 30,000 Romas were murdered in these camps. The names of some 20,000 murdered children of all three nationalities collected thus far by historians provides only a hint of the scale of the crimes committed there against children. Jasenovac is also known for having been one of the most barbaric death camps of the Holocaust for the extreme cruelty in which its victims were tortured and murdered. Jasenovac was not the only death camp in fascist occupied Yugoslavia, but it was by far the largest and the one in which a majority of the some one million victims of racial genocide in World War II fascist Croatia were exterminated.

But its significance also lies in the way in which the crimes have been concealed. Historians have called Jasenovac "the dark secret of the Holocaust" and "the suppressed chapter of Holocaust history." Public recognition of the tragedy that occurred there has been suppressed either partially or completely by governments and institutions for a variety of reasons. Today Jasenovac is located in the newly created state of Croatia, whose government has vandalized the site and refused to acknowledge the horrors that took place there. The failure of some leading Western academic and humanitarian institutions to fully recognize the historic dimensions of Jasenovac is a shameful omission that will tarnish their reputations forever.

But the enormity of the crimes committed at Jasenovac, the fact that the majority of the victims were Serbs who were killed simply for being Serbs, and the fact that the perpetrators included the Catholic Church, have made it an extraordinary and explosive issue that Holocaust deniers and historical revisionists cannot successfully manipulate for long should we focus all of our energies on bringing the truth to light. In doing so, we shall also unravel the whole ball of lies told about the history of Yugoslavia.

From the Brochure of the Jasenovac Research Institute, written by JRI Research Director Barry Lituchy, (c) 2000.

JASENOVAC
Entry in Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, edited by Israel Gutman, vol.1, 1995, pp.739-740

JASENOVAC, the largest concentration and extermination camp in CROATIA. Jasenovac was in fact a complex of several subcamps, in close proximity to each other, on the bank of the Sava River, about 62 miles (100 km) south of Zagreb. The women's camp of Stara Gradiška, which was farther away, also belonged to this complex.

Jasenovac was established in August 1941 and was dismantled only in April 1945. The creation of the camp and its management and supervision were entrusted to Department III of the Croatian Security Police (Ustaška Narodna Služba: UNS), headed by Vjekoslav (Maks) Luburi6, who was personally responsible for everything that happened Some six hundred thousand people were murdered at Jasenovac, mostly Serbs, Jews, GYPSIES, and opponents of the USTASA regime. The number of Jewish victims was between twenty thousand and twenty-five thousand, most of whom were murdered there up to August 1942, when deportation of the Croatian Jews to AUSCHWITZ for extermination began. Jews were sent to Jasenovac from all parts of Croatia from Zagreb, from Sarajevo, and from other cities and smaller towns. On their arrival most were killed at execution sites near the camp: Granik, Gradina, and other places. Those kept alive were mostly skilled at needed professions and trades (doctors, pharmacists, electricians, shoemakers, goldsmiths, and so on) and were employed in services and workshops at Jasenovac. The living conditions in the camp were extremely severe: a meager diet, deplorable accommodations, a particularly cruel regime, and unbelievably cruel behavior by the Ustaše guards. The conditions improved only for short periods during visits by delegations, such as the press delegation that visited in February 1942 and a Red Cross delegation in June 1944.
Three slaughterers and a commandant of the Jasenovac camp:
Stipe Prpic, friar Miroslav Filipovic-Majstorovic, and Jerko Maricic
The acts of murder and of cruelty in the camp reached their peak in the late summer of 1942, when tens of thousands of Serbian villagers were deported to Jasenovac from the area of the fighting against the partisans in the Kozara Mountains. Most of the men were killed at Jasenovac. The women were sent for forced labor in Germany, and the children were taken from their mothers; some were murdered and others were dispersed in orphanages throughout the country.

In April 1945 the partisan army approached the camp. In an attempt to erase traces of the atrocities, the Ustaše blew up all the installations and killed most of the internees. An escape attempt by the prisoners failed, and only a few survived.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Romans, J. Jews of Yugoslavia, 1941-1945: Victims of Genocide and Freedom Fighters. Belgrade, 1982.

Sindik, D., ed. Secanja Jevreja Jasenovac Belgrade, 1972.
from the JASENOVAC EXHIBITION CATALOGUE OF THE MUSEUM OF THE VICTIMS OF GENOCIDE, BELGRADE, (Belgrade, 1997).

Memorial Day for the Victim's of Genocide was established in the Law founding the Museum of the Victims of Genocide (Article 2), on the day which commemorates the day when the prisoners of the Ustasha camp Jasenovac broke out (April 22, 1945), as a memorial to the Serb, Jew, and Romany victims of genocide.

This exhibition has been prepared for the United Nations, because in the Archives of the Concentration Camps and War Criminals in New York, there is no mention either of Maks Luburic or Andrija Artukovic, and in the register there is no mention of the Jasenovac camp. In the archives of the International Committee of the Red Cross in Geneva there are only 20 photographs of >>potemkin villages<<, which show the Ustasha death camp at Jasenovac as a labor camp.

On the Day of Human Rights, December 11, 1991, at the time when the Jasenovac camp was desecrated by the Croatian Armed Forces, the exhibition named Auschwitz: A Crime Against Humanity was opened, where it was stated that Auschwitz was the last of the large death camps which was evacuated, functioning at full capacity to the end of November, 1944.

At the last moment, in January, 1945, more than 50,000 prisoners who were able to walk were led from the camp. The Ustasha camp of death Jasenovac, worked at full capacity all the way to the end of April, 1945.

Belgrade was liberated on October 20, 1944. The corpses of Jasenovac's victims, which floated down the Sava River to the shores of Belgrade, have not been excavated and no requiem sung for them, not even after fifty years.

The Ustasha death camp Jasenovac was in fact, a system of death camps covering 210 square kilometers from the Dubica lime pits to Stara Gradiska, a road of death along the Sava River.

In the discussions about a political solution to the Yugoslav crisis, about the maps dividing Croatia, the Serb Republic and Republic of Serbian KraJina, the question of the status of Jasenovac must be asked - Jasenovac, the Ustasha death camp.

It must not be allowed that Jasenovac the Ustasha death camp - is destroyed by the transformation of administrative borders into international borders.

In the name of the victims of genocide - the Serbs, the Croat-Yugoslavs, the Jews and Romanies, the antifascists - the proposal of Franjo Tudjman, the head of the HDZ and president of Croatia, must be rejected. He proposes that the memorial area of Jasenovac should be turned into a general memorial center for all the Croatian victims in the Second World War - and that would mean the victims and war criminals alike.

The exhibition "Jasenovac - The Ustasha Camp of Death" carries with itself a message, an appeal to the international protection of the United Nations to save the Memorial Area of the camp system, the structures and the burial places, as a pail of world cultural heritage, in accord with the resolution of the European Council in 1993.

Dr. Milan Bulajic

Director

Museum of the Victims of Genocide
I. THE CREATION OF THE INDEPENDENT STATE OF CROATIA- 1941

After the short-lived war in April of 1941, the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was divided among the aggressor countries: Nazi Germany, fascist Italy, Horti's Hungary and Boris III's Bulgaria. In the meantime, while the war was still being fought, the founding of the Ustasha's Independent State of Croatia (abbreviated as NDH from the Serbo-Croatian "Nezavisna Drzhava Hrvatska") was proclaimed on April 10, 1941; territories besides those which were traditionally settled by the Croats were grafted into this state, including all of Bosnia- Herzegovina and parts of Serbia.

There were more than two million Serbs living in the newly created puppet state, who made up one third of the entire population of the NDH. There were also significant numbers of Jews, Romanies and members of other national groups. As soon as the NDH was proclaimed, the leader of this Italo-German fabrication, the head of the Ustasha named Ante Pavelic, began to carry out the Ustasha's program of the creation of a "purely Croatian area for living " and a " pure Croat nation". Namely, since the Ustasha were extreme nationalists, chauvinists and racists, they began to build their own state and institutions which reflected those of Nazi Germany. According to their ideologists, the condition for the creation of a purely Croatian state would be the expulsion of the Serbs ("Greek- Easterners"), the Jews ("Zhidovi") and the Romanies ("Gypsieso"). Claiming that the Serbs were both racially and religiously different from the Croats, they killed them, deported them or forcibly converted them. The Jews and Romanies were to be completely annihilated as they were considered to be lower races. The Ustasha government and its jurisdiction passed a series of laws, orders and regulations by which Nazi-fascist methods of terror and ethnic genocide were made legal (the Regulation on the Outlawing of the Cyrillic Alphabet, the Regulation on Racial Affiliation, the Regulation on Citizenship, the Regulation on Conversion from One Religion to Another, and so on). Yet, the most massive crime against the Serbs, Jews and Romanies was carried out outside the framework of those laws and legal documents. The Ustasha acted on their racial, religious and national intolerance without regard for any kind of laws or norms. The Ustasha government was supported by the greater part of the Catholic clergy and the Muslim religious community, and the Croatian Peasant also pledged their allegiance to the Ustasha government.

II. THE BEGINNING OF THE GENOCIDE OF THE SERBS, JEWS, AND ROMANIES IN THE NDH The Ustasha's organization was a typically fascist organization and its military strength was an instrument for the implementation of the Ustasha's Nazi ideology.

The Ustasha army (>>Ustashka vojnica<<) was organized by Slavko Kvaternik, the >>second in command<< and it was made up of Ustasha units (filled out with volunteers) under the direction of the Central Ustasha Headquarters, of special police units (>>redarstvo<<) and the Home Guard (>>domobrani<<), and in August of 1941 the Ustasha Secret Service (abbreviated UNS after the Serbo-Croatian (>>Ustashka Nadzorna Sluzhba<<) was formed, with Eugen - Dids Kvaternik at its head. With the aid of these organizations, the greatest kind of genocide was carried out against the Serbs, Jews and Romanies in the NDH. In order to make it possible for only Croats and Muslims to live in the NDH, the mass physical destruction, expulsion and forcible conversion of the Serbs was carried out, along with the systematic extermination of the Jews, and the almost complete destruction of the Romanies. The mass murder of the Serbs began already at the end of April, 1941, with the massacres in the villages around Bjelovar, in Banija in May, in Lika in June, in Kordun, in Bosnian Krajina and in Herzegovina. It is thought that just in the period from April, 1941, to the middle of August, 1942, over 600,000 Serbs were killed in the most brutal ways imaginable, and during the entire war over 180,000 Serbs were deported to Serbia proper.
Jewish children being sent to Jasenovac
The terror of the NDH government was especially aimed at the Serbian Orthodox Church. Three Orthodox bishops and most of the Orthodox priests were murdered by the end of 1941 in the cruelest of manners. During the war, 450 Orthodox churches were demolished. The exact number of Serbs forcibly converted to Catholicism has never been established.

III. CONCENTRATION CAMPS IN THE INDEPENDENT STATE OF CROATIA According to the example of their protectors, Nazi Germany and the other fascist regimes, concentration camps were founded in the NDH for the purpose of >>purifying the nation<< of undesirables. The Ustasha called them >>collection<< or >>work<< camps, and they were designed for the mass internment and systematic total destruction of Serbs, Jews, Romanies, and >>objectionable<< Croats. The so-called >>Ustasha Secret Service<< (or rather its) >>Department III<< which was also called the >>Ustash Guard<< was in charge of the founding, organization and management of the concentration camps in the NDH. Although they were actually the same, >>Department III<< took care of the founding, organization and management of the camps, while the >>Ustasha Guard<< was assigned to forming military units which guarded the camps and carried out the task of transporting the Serb and Jewish people from the surrounding territories to the camps, and they were also those who killed the prisoners.

The first camps in the NDH were founded on the island of Pag at the place called Slano, on Mount Velebit near Gospic at a place called Jadovno, and in Bosnia at Krusica near Travnik. Besides Jasenovac, the larger camps were: >>Danicao in Koprivnica, Kerestinec, Lobograd, Stara Gradiska, Lepoglava, Jastrebarsko and Sisak. In the beginning there were no legal regulations about sending people to camps or the length of sentences. Such things were decided by Pavelic's emissaries, district prefects, deputy prefects, camp supervisors and other Ustasha commanders. Such practices remained even later, and when the regulations were finally passed no one obeyed them.

The first commander of >>Department III<< (the >>Ustasha Guard<<) and thus of the camps as well, was the Ustasha Mijo Babic alias >>Giovani<<, who was followed by Vjekoslav Luburic alias >>Maks<<. On the orders of Pavelic and Kvaternik, Luburic spent time in Germany as a guest of the Gestapo at the beginning of October, 1941, at which time he visited several German concentration camps. Upon returning to the NDH, he carried out a re-organization of the existing camps and founded new ones modelled after those in Germany, and formed a powerful military unit of the >>Ustasha Guard<< who carried out mass crimes directly under his command.

IV THE FOUNDING OF THE JASENOVAC CONCENTRATION CAMP The Ustasha camp called Jasenovac was founded according to the model of camps in Nazi Germany, on August 21, 1941. It was the largest place of torture and execution which ever existed in Yugoslavia. With its horrors it was the largest concentration camp, and it was the third in the number of victims in all of occupied Europe, during the war years 1941-1945. With their sadism and pathological crimes, the Ustasha outdid even their Nazi German masters.

Unlike the German camps where industrialized genocide was conducted, in Jasenovac that genocide was done in a way never recorded in the history of the human race. All which was negative, pathological and criminal, which characterized the Ustasha movement as a whole, reached its peak in Jasenovac.

The Jasenovac camp spread out over 210 square kilometers, along the Sava River from Stara Gradiska in the east to the village Krap1je in the west, and from Strug in the north to the line between Draksenic to Bistrica in the south.

The choice of the wider region of Jasenovac for such a monstrous camp was made for several reasons. One of them was certainly the suitable geographic position. The Zagreb-Belgrade railway was in the vicinity and was important for the transport of the prisoners. The terrain was surrounded by the rivers Sava, Una and Velika Struga, in the middle of the swampy Lonjsko poije area, so that escape from the camp was almost impossible. On the other side of the Sava, the Gradina region was hardly accessible and often flooded by the river, uninhabited and far from all witnesses. It was the ideal place for hiding mass murders. The other possible reason for the choice of this place were the existing factories there; these were workshops for the making of chains, blacksmith shops, locksmith shops, brick factories, lumber mills and so on, so the camp was easy to present in public as a work camp.

V THE JASENOVAC CAMP SYSTEM The Jasenovac concentration camp encompassed a system of camps along the Sava River, on the flood plain of the Lonjsko poije area.

The Ustasha's newspapers announced to the public, on August 23, 1941, that the first barracks for prisoners had been built near the villages of Brocice and Krapje, and that the camps would be used for the draining of Lonjsko po1je. In fact, that was the founding of the Jasenovac camp, or more precisely, Camp II called Brocice - >>Versajev<< and Camp 11 called >>Krapje<<, to which the first prisofters were brought, Jews and Serbs from the Ustasha camps of Slano and Jadovno. In the beginning the prisoners actually worked on building the dike, but under indescribably hard conditions and terror. Those who did not die from the exhausting work and hunger, being immediately buried in the dike, were killed when the camp was liquidated. In November of 1941, Camp III >>Ciglana<< (which means >>brickyard<<) was opened - the so-called III which quickly became the camp with the central management function for all collection and concentration camps in the NDH. The center of the camp lay beneath the village Jasenovac in the area of the industrial complex where the brickyard actually was, and that is how it got its name. Three-fourths of Camp III were surrounded by a wall 3 to 5 meters high, into which seven concrete bunkers were built and which had several guard towers. In front of the wall were three lines of tangled barbed wire, and in some places they were electrified. The fourth side of the camp faced the River Sava. As an integral part of Camp 111-C there was a special Ustasha Secret Service prison for specially selected prisoners.

Camp IV >>Kozhara<< (which means >>tannery<< was found in the village of Jasenovac, and prisoners worked in the tannery there under the most difficult of conditions. Camp V - Stara Gradiska belonged organizationally to the Jasenovac camp system. In the overall area of the Jasenovac camp three other special camps were organized. In the village Ustica, on the delta of the Una and Sava, an improvised >>Gypsy camp<< was located, where mainly Romanies were brought and killed, and the villages Mlaka and Jablanac were turned into collection camps for women and children.

VI THE PLACES OF EXECUTION IN JASENOVAC

The system of mass murder in Jasenovac was already in place in the fall of 1941, as soon as the larger transports of people began to arrive. The men, women and children arrived here by rail, truck, horse-drawn cart, or simply running at the insistence of the Ustasha with rifles. Places of mass execution were found all over the Jasenovac camp. Most of them were located on the right bank of the Sava from the Dubicki limepits downriver, and especially in the village Gradina. According to forensic science research, over 360,000 people were killed here. Murder of the prisoners was also carried out in the forest near the Krapje Camp, near the >>Versaj<< Camp and >>Ustica<< Camp on the whole left bank of the Sava, downriver from Jasenovac to Jablanac and Mlaka. Furthermore, within the complex of Camp III there was also a crematorium which was actually an oven for baking bricks; the Ustasha converted it according to the plans of Hinko Picili so that they could bum the prisoners in it. Within this circle, besides >>Picili's Furnaceo, there were also other places where people were tortured and killed and they were called >>Lancara<<, >>Tunel<<, >>Granik<<. >>Zvonara<<, >>Sablasno jezero<<, and so on.

In the Camp of Stara Gradiska, torture and murder were done in the cellars of the old Austrian Fortress, in the tower of the fortress and on the banks of the Sava.

The extent to which the system of killing was developed is witnessed to by a memorandum from the Headquarters Chief on April 27, 1942, directed to all Ustasha units and institutions, stating >>the collection and work camp at Jasenovac can receive an unlimited number of prisoners<<.

VII METHODS AND MEANS OF THE MASS EXTERMINATION OF PEOPLE IN JASENOVAC

From the summer of 1941 to the spring of 1945, death in Jasenovac took numerous forms. The prisoners and all those who ended up in Jasenovac had their throats cut by the Ustasha with specially designed knives, or they were killed with axes, mallets and hammers; they were also shot, or they were hung from trees or light poles. Some were burned alive in hot furnaces, boiled in cauldrons, or drowned in the River Sava.

Here the most varied forms of torture were used. Finger and toe nails were pulled out with metal instruments, eyes were dug out with specially constructed hooks, people were blinded by having needles stuck in their eyes, flesh was cut and then salted. People were also flayed, had their noses, ears and tongues cut off with wire cutters, and had awls stuck in their hearts. Daughters were raped in front of their mothers, sons were tortured in front of their fathers. Said plainly, in the concentration camps at Jasenovac and Stara Gradiska, the Ustasha surpassed all that even the sickest mind could imagine and do in terms of the brutal way people were murdered.

People in Jasenovac were no longer human beings, but rather objects which were available for the every whim of the Ustasha.

Even the Nazi generals were amazed at the horrors of Jasenovac. Thus, General von Horstenau, Hitler's representative in Zagreb, wrote in his personal diary for 1942 that the Ustasha camps in the NDH were >>the epitome of horror<<, and Arthur Hefner, a German transport officer for work forces in the Reich, wrote on November 11, 1942 of Jasenovac: >>The concept of the Jasenovac camp should actually be understood as several camps which are several kilometers apart, grouped around Jasenovac. Regardless of the propaganda, this is one of the most horrible of camps, which can only be compared to Dante's Inferno<<.

VIII WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN THE JASENOVAC CAMP

Many women, often with their children, were brought to Jasenovac. The whole village of Mlaka was turned into a women's work camp. Women were forced to do exhausting agricultural work in the vicinity. Executions were performed in the very close proximity of the villages of Mlaka and Jablanac.
Children at Jasenovac
In the process of >>purifying the Croatian nation<<, Serbian children were the first to be executed, together with the adults, even if they were still on their mothers's breasts. During the four years between April, 1941 to May 1945, more than 74.316 children were killed in the Ustasha's NDH. The youngest were still in the cradle, while the oldest were about 14 years of age. During the Second World War, the only place where there were special camps for children was Croatia.

From December, 1941, to April, 1945, in Jasenovac, the Ustasha killed 19.544 boys and girls of Serbian nationality, and their identities were later established. They were executed in atrocious ways and also died, more than the adults, from illnesses, famine, thirst, and frost. The Ustasha would drown small children in the Sava by tying up several of them in a sack and throwing them into the river. Many children (about 400 of them) were slaughtered in Jasenovac in mid-September, 1942. The children taken in 15 horse-drawn carts to the brickyard and burnt. A very similar fate befell the 300 kids who executed in Gradina on the afternoon of October -N. 1942.

IX PUBLIC PRESENTATION OF THE JASENOVAC CAMP

To the outside world, Jasenovac was presented as a work camp. The Ustasha's propaganda tried to present the concentration camps both to their own people and to the world as places of useful work and reformation.

The wider area of the camp was strictly guarded. Only the confirmed Ustasha with specific tasks were allowed in. Even the Germans, as >>allies<< and friends, were not Allowed to enter the camp freely. However, under pressure from abroad, especially from the Germans, on February 6, 1942, an >>International Committee<< visited the Camp to see the way of living and working in it. In that delegation, the Pope's emissary was also included, Monsignor G. Massuci.

Three days before that, Ljubo Milos, the commandant of the Jasenovac camps, had summoned all the prisoners and ordered them to clean the camp, tidy the dining room, kitchen, and hospital. The prisoners were given the sort of food that they had never had, or would have. After this visit the photographs of >>the workers at their machines<< in well-equipped workshops, and of the camp clinics with the staff in immaculately clean white uniforms, were sent to the world from Jasenovac. The camp was presented in such a way that it seemed desirable to be in Jasenovac in that war time of general uncertainty, death, and poverty, without the slightest premonition of what was, actually hidden behind those photographs.

X THE BREAKOUT OF THE PRISONERS AND THE LIBERATION OF THE CAMP

At the beginning of April 1945, the Ustasha were preparing the liquidation of the Jasenovac camp in order to remove the traces of their crimes before escaping. The ultimate liquidation of the Camp was begun on April 20, when the last large group of women and children was executed. On April 22, 1945, under the leadership of Ante Vukotic, about 600 people armed with bricks, poles, hammers and other things, broke down the doors, shattered windows and ran out of the building. About 470 people were sick and unable to fight barehanded with the armed Ustasha, so they did not take part in the rebellion. The 150 meter long path to the east gate of the camp was covered by the crossfire of the Ustasha mashine-guns, and many prisoners were killed there. A large number of them was killed on the wires of the camp. A hundred prisoners managed to break through the broken gate of the camp. Only 80 prisoners survived while 520 of them died in the first assault. The remaining 470 within the camp were later killed by the Ustasha.

The captives, 167 of them, from the so-called >>Kozhara<< part of the Jasenovac camp, about 8 p.m. on April 22 also began mortal combat under the leadership of Stanko Gacesa and Zahid Bukurevic. 150 of them managed to break through, but they were surrounded and fired at so heavily that only 11 prisoners survived.

The Jasenovac camp was not liquidated until the very last battles were being fought. The Yugoslav Army forces entered the Stara Gradiska camp on April 23, and Jasenovac on May 2, 1945. Before leaving the camp, the Ustasha killed the remaining prisoners, blasted and destroyed the buildings, guard-houses, torture rooms, the >>Picili Furnace<< and the other structures. Upon entering the camp, the liberators found only ruins, soot, smoke, and dead bodies.

XI THE INVESTIGATION OF THE USTASHA CRIMES IN JASENOVAC IN 1945

It is difficult to establish the number of victims killed in the Jasenovac concentration camp, since many documents were destroyed. The prisoners' files were destroyed twice (at the beginning of 1943 and in April, 1945) and even if they had been preserved, they would have been of little help discerning the truth, because the Ustasha often killed the newly arrived prisoners immediately, without putting their names into the files. This is particularly true of those who arrived from Slavonia, Srem and Kozara, because it was only noted down that 9,83, or 155 wagons had arrived. For instance, a very small number of Gypsies was filed, only a few hundred, while it is known that all 25,000-35,000 of them from the NDH were killed in Jasenovac. The Jewish community in Yugoslavia has established the number of 20,000 Jews that %%err killed, in Jasenovac. The numbers of killed Serbs are truly varied. The sources from abroad mention numbers from 300,000 to 700,000. Be that as it may, most of the people killed in Jasenovac were Serbs. exact number being still unknown, but it surely amounts to several hundreds of thousands.

The National Committee of Croatia for the investigation of the crimes of the occupation forces and their collaborators stated in its report of November 15, 1945 that 500,000-600,000 people were killed at Jasenovac.

XII THE JASENOVAC MEMORIAL AREA

After the end of the war, the burial of the victims and cleaning up of the camp area were begun. The inhabitants of Jasenovac and the nearby villages used the bricks and other building material in the reconstruction and building of their houses. In that way, almost all material evidence disappeared from the place of the biggest crime in the former Yugoslavia, as if there had not been any camp in that place. It seems that the state and the authorities of that time, especially certain individuals in Zagreb, wanted it to be like that in Jasenovac. Under the >>Brotherhood and Unity<< motto, with the aim of creating tolerance between the nations, the crime had to be forgotten as soon as possible.
It was only 20 years later, in 1965, under pressure of the victims' families and relatives, that the building of a monument was begun - a stone flower of which its author, engineer Bogdan Bogdanovic, said that >>it suggests the idea of overcoming suffering and insanity<<. A few years later, the Open Memorial Museum was built, the graveyards were put in order, and the labor organization named Jasenovac Memorial Park was formed, which functioned until the beginning of the next war in 1991.

No matter how hard the authors of the memorial Park tried, often stating that the memorial complex would not resemble a >>city park<< or an >>artificial structure<<, that is exactly what happened to it.

Looking at it from the outside, Jasenovac Memorial Park, with its modern Museum building and its stylized stone flower really resembled a nice park more than a former concentration camp of the worst possible kind. If it had not been for the obvious museum material and films, the visitor would have hardly understood what had really happened there, or grasped all the horrors. The authentic buildings were not preserved or renewed. The monuments and the memorial plates were only inconspicuous marks of the biggest execution places and the places of other camps which constituted the Jasenovac complex of concentration camps, while some of them, Brocice and Jablanac, were not even marked. In spite of that, the site of the crime in Jasenovac was visited after the war by countless numbers of relatives and friends, and since the memorial area has been opened, hundreds of thousands of visitors have come who wished to pay homage to the innocent victims.

XIII THE DESECRATION OF THE MEMORIAL AREA

Jasenovac Memorial Park is the largest graveyard in the Balkans. It has been believed for a long time that the Ustasha's crimes committed in Jasenovac presented an eternal warning to the people from these areas. However, that was not true. >>The young Croatian democracy<<, as the new nationalistic Croation authorities called themselves, under the leadership of Franjo Tudjman, immediately after coming to the scene took the Ustasha symbols, and took a series of concrete further steps (seceeding from Yugoslavia, adopting laws with racist characteristics very similar to those of 1941, organizing state terror against the Serbs and so on), thus showing clearly that it accepted the politics of the Ustasha's Independent State of Croatia.

Even before the beginning of the new war in 1991, the Croatian authorities reduced the financing of the Jasenovac Memorial Park and declared >>Lonjsko polje<< a natural protected area, probably in order to turn the attention from the victims to the flora and fauna of the region. Croatian propaganda and Franjo Tudjman himself tried to minimize the crime with numerous articles, >>studies<< and statements, asserting that there were >>not more than<< 20,000-50,000 victims in Jasenovac.

At the end of September 1991, the Croatian Army entered the Jasenovac memorial park by force. According to the Hague Convention on the protection of historical and cultural monuments, the Croatian Army severely broke the agreement by entering the protected area. Although the international public informed about desecration of the memorial park. there was not much of a response.

The Serbian forces liberated Jasenovac Memorial Park on October 8, 1991. During the withdrawal the Croatian Army placed explosives blew up the bridge on the Sava River which connected the two parts of the Memorial Park; they also blew up the graves, destroyed the Museum artifacts and stole the Museum equipment. Due to the courage and enthusiasm of individuals who worked at the Memorial Park, some historical materials and objects were saved.

Izvor: http://www.jasenovac.org/whatwasjasenovac.php

Како већ изјави Френклин Делано Рузвелт: "Хрвате треба ставити под туторство..."-Животиње под заштитом"

Не знам шта би радили онда са тобом...ти нит си рват нит Немац нит Србин...на тебе се претходни цитат, вероватно не односи 

Али нећу ти више причињавати задовољство тј одлазити у оff

Дакле рват...врати се теми!  или