20 juna 2010 je objavljeno da je uspesno stvorena Prva sinteticki ziva celija .

'Artificial life' breakthrough announced by scientists
Page last updated at 18:22 GMT, Thursday, 20 May 2010 19:22 UK
 News Q&A Ethics Profile 
The synthetic DNA is in complete control of the new cells Researchers in the US have developed the first synthetic living cell. Their work, which many scientists have called a landmark study, is a key step towards the design and creation of new living things. BBC News examines the issues raised by this controversial breakthrough.

Have these scientists created synthetic life?
They are calling this a synthetic living cell. But they did use an existing cell as a template and as a recipient for their home-made DNA. Strictly speaking, it is only the genome - the DNA in the cell - that is entirely synthetic.

This bacterial cell, the researchers say, is the first life form to be entirely controlled by synthetic DNA.

How a synthetic cell was created
 
The scientists "decoded" the chromosome of an existing bacterial cell - using a computer to read each of the letters of genetic code.
 They copied this code and chemically constructed a new synthetic chromosome, piecing together blocks of DNA.
 The team inserted this chromosome into a bacterial cell which replicated itself. Synthetic bacteria might be used to make new fuels and drugs.
BACK 1 of 3 NEXT The researchers also employed "nature's tools" to build their new chromosome (the package of DNA that contains all of the genetic material the cell needs to live and function).
They chemically constructed blocks of DNA then inserted them into yeast cells, which assembled the blocks into a complete bacterial chromosome.

What will the scientists do with these synthetic bacteria?
These particular cells are just copies of existing or "wild type" bacteria. But they show that making a living cell with a synthetic chromosome is possible. Dr Craig Venter and his colleagues hope to use this technology to design new bacteria from scratch - cells that could carry out useful functions. ___________________________
 He and his colleagues are already collaborating with pharmaceutical and fuel companies to design and develop chromosomes for bacteria that would produce useful fuels or even new vaccines.
They say they hope eventually to "build" bacteria that absorb carbon dioxide and therefore help repair damage to the environment.
Could they use this same technique to make more complex synthetic organisms - like plants or animals?
Theoretically, yes. But the current aim is to design and build bacterial cells.
They are an ideal first candidate because they could potentially produce substances that we want. Dr Venter believes such tailor-made bacteria could "create a new industrial revolution".

And, in genetic terms, bacteria are very simple organisms.

They typically have a single, circular chromosome of DNA. On the other hand, every single cell in the human body contains 23 pairs of much larger, linear chromosomes. So bacteria have much less information in their genomes and it has been possible to sequence and copy all of this information.

Dr Venter says that extending the technique to higher organisms, such as plants, might be possible, but it will take scientists many years to work out how to build such large and complex genomes.

Are there ethical concerns about making new life?
Some critics have accused Dr Venter and his colleagues of "playing God" and believe that it should not be a role for humans to design new life.

There are also concerns about the safety of this new technology.

Craig Venter defends the synthetic living cell
Professor Julian Savulescu, from the Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics at the University of Oxford says the potential of this science is "in the far future, but real and significant: dealing with pollution, new energy sources, new forms of communication".

"But the risks are also unparalleled," he continues. "We need new standards of safety evaluation for this kind of radical research and protections from military or terrorist misuse and abuse.

These could be used in the future to make the most powerful bioweapons imaginable. The challenge is to eat the fruit without the worm."

Dr Venter stresses that he and his colleagues have been addressing these ethical and safety issues since they began their first experiments in the field of synthetic biology.

"We asked for an extensive ethical review of the approach," he explained.

"In 2003, when we made the first synthetic virus, it underwent extensive ethical review that went all the way up to the level of the White House.

"And there have been extensive reviews including from the National Academy of Sciences, which has done a comprehensive report on this new field.

"We think these are important issues and we urge continued discussion that we want to take part in."

Najcuvenije celije Raka
Od  jedne stare Afro-Americke crnkinje po imenu  Henrijeta Likes koja je zivela i radila citav svoj zivot poput robinje na plantazi duvana u Alabami uzeto je parce tumora bez njenog znanja koje se razvijalo strasno brzo ,Doktor Dzordze G. je hranio odrzavao i mnozio te celije tumora i svakom doktoru i israzivackoj labaratorji on je poslao uzorke ,stara Henrijeta je umrela sedam meseci kasnije ali su celije njenog tumora nastavile da se gaje po labaratorijama ,desetak godina kasnije cak je sagradjena fabrika za gajenje njenih celija ,to su bile prve celije u prvom bioloskom eksperimentu od NASA u svemiru koji je sponzorovan od tajne zluzbe jer je bio maska za slanje spijunskih satelita medjutim primetili su da  svaki put kad bi ih vratili i poslali nazad rasle bi vise i brze .
One su prve celije kod kojih je pocela obzervacija hromozoma i one su prve celije kod kojih je DNA mapiran ,
Deo njih je u svima nama jer od njih su razvijene mnogobrojni lekovi poput Polio vakcine itd.
Danas celije Henrijete jos uvek zive po labaratorijama ima ih toliko mnogo kolicinski verovatno za jedno 1000 osoba.Naravno Henrijeta je umrela ali njen DNA zivi i novi svezi uzorci su uzeti od njenih potomaka jer ona takodje ima jedinstveni enzim ,postoji nesto sto naucnici zovu genetska memorija sto je mnogo siri termin od onog kako ce osoba izgledati i koliko ce biti visoka ,tako da kao trenutno njene celije vec 60 godina posle njene smrti jos uvek stalni prvi kandidat za bilo koje medicinske eksperimente poput kloniranja i tako to a i verovatno ce biti i u buducnosti.

Kakve ovo ima veze sa temom ili sa onim sto sam rekao a sto je u vezi teme - "Sta je smrt?" ?
Ova tema se bavi prestankom zivota coveka a ne prestankom/opstankom zivota celije raka. Neko je izbacio statistiku da se svake sekunde dva ljudska zivota ugase/nestanu, sto znaci da je smrt veoma prisutna kao posledica zakona koji regulise postojanje zivota coveka. Ista sila koja iz zivota daje novi zivot taj isti zivot ukida.
I kao sto sam rekao smrt je predodredjeni kraj zivota sto nacin kojim je do smrti doslo cini apsolutno nebitnim,
da li ce neko umreti od raka ili preteranog uzbudjenja cinjenicu da je neko mrtav nikako ne ugrozava.

Ajde Ne budi tako nasilan,
To sto verujes je tvoja stvar ,
Izasla je pre neki dan knjiga best seler "Besmrtnost Henrijete Likes"
kad bi je procitao verujem da bi je voleo
150 miliona ljudi umre godisnje,fizicka smrt jeste neminovan kraij svi se sa tim slazu
ali kad si rekao da ista sila daje i oduzima zivot,to me interesuje,ko je ta sila????
 i zbog toga imam par pitanja za tebe koja se ticu toga.
Da li tvoja izjava znaci da verujes u boga ili prirodu?
Mislim da znajuci da se planeta zemlja zadnjih 1000 miliona godina  nalazi u najboljim mogucim uslovima za zivot,
U toj istoriji planete bilo je pet prirodnih kataklizmi koje su dovele do katastrofalnih izumiranja vecine zivih bica cak i do 96%
Dok jednom nisu bili stvoreni povoljni uslovi za razvoj sisara i 160 godina miliona kasnije to je kulminiralo u postojanju modernog coveka koji postoji recimo zadnjih 100 hiljada godina a njegovo najstarije linearno pismo je svega 6 hiljada godina staro.

zeleo bih da znam gde vidis sebe u celom tom svetu ,
posto si obican covek koji se ne istice ni po cemu iznad drugih, ni po lepoti ,ni po snazi ,ni po pameti ,
ni po skromnosti ,ni po dobroti ,ni po strpljenju,ni po razumevanju ni po skolovanju ,nisi publiciran, tvoja dela nisu objavljena ,nemas sledbenika tvojih ideja a ni po primanjima ne pripadas eliti,
ti si obican regularni Joe .

Gde i kako ti vidis sebe, jer mislis da si umetnik koga niko ne razume ?
Zbog ceka takva ozbiljnost?
Sta zelis da postignes svojim tekstovima na ovom forumu koji je stvoren za razonodu i rekreaciju?
Najmanje 12 ljudi na ovom forumu ti je reklo da glupljeg coveka nisu videli u zivotu,zar te to ne pogadja?
Ocigledno je da ne zelis da stvaras prijatelje na ovom forumu,
Kako ti dozivljavas svoje svakodnevno priblizavanje smrti, sta mislis da te ceka posle?