znam ali neki nece da shvate rusi su imali 3 cini mi se svemirske stranice mir je tamo vec15 godina a pored medjunarodne vec pripremaju sledecu koja ce zameniti mir u roku od 10 godina

skylab

evo i mir

ne mogu  da se porede da skylab je poznat kao kuca u svemiru evo saljuta


     

Salyut 1 - First Space Station

A Soyuz spacecraft approaches Salyut 1. Below is Kamchatka. Some histories suggest the station was originally named 'Zarya', and that name was painted on the side.

The round opening on top of the large section of the station contains sensors for astronomical studies. The engine compartment and the four solar panels, are 'borrowed' directly from the design of Soyuz.



The interior of Salyut 1 whilst being prepared for flight - there is a protective transparent cover over the instrument panel - labelled "REMOVE BEFORE LAUNCH". In the background can be seen the tunnel leading to the docking unit.

Salyut 1 was equipped to perform a range of scientific experiments, and the spacecraft actually performed well although events surrounding it might suggest otherwise.

In April of 1971, the attempt to put a crew aboard using Soyuz 10 failed because they were unable to open the hatch into the space station.

Soyuz 11 was more successful but when the crew headed back to Earth, they became the victims of a major space accident. A valve in Soyuz 11's hatch either was open, or was jolted open, at the time the descent cabin separated from the Soyuz orbital module. Normally, the valve opened during descent through the lower levels of the atmosphere to equalise pressure inside and outside the cabin. In the vacuum of space - the result was fatal.
   



Salyut 1 Statistics:
   



Launch vehicle:
Mass:
Length of hull:
Maximum diameter of hull:
   

Three stage Proton
18,500 kilogrammes
14.4 metres
4.15 metres



Salyut 1 continued to orbit from the end of June, and the events of Soyuz 11, but changes resulting from the investigation which followed took nearly two years to be incorporated into the Soyuz design. Salyut 1 could not last that long. Early in October 1971, mission controllers fired the manoeuvring engines for the final time and Salyut 1 "..... entered the dense layers of the atmosphere and ceased to exist .....".

Members of the Soyuz 11 crew were not wearing space suits. The Soyuz re-design, which followed the Soyuz 11 accident, introduced them for subsequent cosmonaut crews. The resulting weight penalty of the spacesuits and their associated life-support systems meant that Soyuz no longer had the capacity to hold three people. It was nine years before a Soyuz flew again with three cosmonauts aboard - with the mission of Soyuz-T 3  in 1980.



Date & Time (GMT)
   

Event

1971 Apr 19
   

01:39
   

Salyut 1 launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome by Proton rocket into 177 x 211 kilometre orbit at 51.6 degrees inclination

1971 Apr 19
   

-
   

After manoeuvres using its onboard rocket engine, Salyut 1 reaches 200 x 210 kilometre orbit to await arrival of Soyuz 10

1971 Apr 22
   

23:54
   

Soyuz 10 launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome by Soyuz rocket into approx 200 kilometre, circular orbit with Vladimir Shatalov, Alexei Yeliseyev and Nikolai Rukavishnikov aboard, callsign - Granit

1971 Apr 23
   

-
   

After manoeuvres using its onboard rocket engine, Soyuz 10 is in a transfer orbit of 209 x 258 kilometres, approaching Salyut 1

1971 Apr 24
   

01:47
   

Soyuz 10 docks with Salyut 1

1971 Apr 24
   

04:18
   

Soyuz 10 reportedly undocks from Salyut 1

1971 Apr 24
   

05:47
   

Soyuz 10 reportedly docks with Salyut 1 for a second time

1971 Apr 24
   

07:17
   

Soyuz 10 undocks from Salyut 1: the crew have been unable to enter the station - Soyuz 10 flies alongside Salyut 1 for the remainder of the day - orbit 191 x 231 kilometres

1971 Apr 24
   

22:59
   

Soyuz 10 fires its manoeuvring engine to initiate re-entry

1971 Apr 24
   

23:40
   

Soyuz 10 lands - 120 kilometres north-west of Karaganda

1971 Apr 28
   

-
   

Salyut 1 orbit is 252 x 271 kilometres - the space station is 'parked', awaiting the Soyuz 11 mission

1971 May 31
   

-
   

Atmospheric drag has reduced Salyut 1's orbit to 198 x 204 kilometres

1971 Jun 5
   

-
   

Orbital manoeuvres have raised Salyut 1's orbit to 209 x 240 kilometres in preparation for the arrival of Soyuz 11

1971 Jun 6
   

-
   

A minor manoeuvre by Salyut 1 results in an orbit of 210 x 235 kilometres to set-up the Soyuz 11 rendezvous

1971 Jun 6
   

04:55
   

Soyuz 11 launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome by Soyuz rocket into 160 x 238 kilometre orbit with Georgi Dobrovolski, Vladislav Volkov and Viktor Patsayev aboard, callsign - Yantar

1971 Jun 7
   

07:49
   

Soyuz 11 docks with Salyut 1

1971 Jun 7
   

07:55
   

Soyuz 11 and Salyut 1 are firmly latched together - orbit is 207 x 231 kilometres

1971 Jun 9
   

-
   

Salyut 1/Soyuz 11 orbit is raised to 251 x 274 kilometres

1971 Jun 29
   

18:28
   

Soyuz 11 undocks from Salyut 1 - atmospheric drag has brought the orbit down to 229 x 237 kilometres

1971 Jun 29
   

22:35
   

Soyuz 11 fires its manoeuvring engine to initiate re-entry

1971 Jun 29
   

22:47
   

Soyuz 11 descent module separates from the instrument unit and the orbital module - a pressure equalisation valve in the centre of the hatch which allowed access to the orbital module opens and, in less than one minute, the cabin atmosphere escapes

1971 Jun 29
   

23:16
   

Soyuz 11 lands - 200 kilometres south-west of Kustanai - the crew is found dead when the spacecraft hatch is opened

1971 Jul
   

-
   

Following the Soyuz 11 accident, the next mission to Salyut 1 is cancelled - it would have seen cosmonauts Alexei Leonov, Nikolai Rukashnikov and Pyotr Kolodin aboard the space station during August

1971 Jul 1
   

-
   

Following a series of manoeuvring engine firings over a two-day period, Salyut 1's orbit is 237 x 281 kilometres

1971 Jul 27
   

-
   

Atmospheric drag has brought Salyut 1's orbit down to 206 x 235 kilometres

1971 Jul 28
   

-
   

Following a series of manoeuvring engine firings, Salyut 1's orbit is 222 x 294 kilometres

1971 Aug 17
   

-
   

Atmospheric drag has brought Salyut 1's orbit down to 201 x 251 kilometres

1971 Aug 19
   

-
   

Following a series of manoeuvring engine firings, Salyut 1's orbit is 285 x 314 kilometres

1971 Sep 24
   

-
   

Atmospheric drag has brought Salyut 1's orbit down to 269 x 295 kilometres

1971 Sep 26
   

-
   

Following a manoeuvring engine firing while at the perigee of its orbit, Salyut 1's orbit is lowered to 222 x 264 kilometres in preparation for the end of its mission

1971 Oct 10
   

-
   

Atmospheric drag has brought Salyut 1's orbit down to 177 x 182 kilometres

1971 Oct 11
   

-
   

Salyut 1 fires its manoeuvring engine and re-enters the Earth's atmosphere above the Pacific Ocean - it is destroyed by frictional heating

i mi konja za trku imamo 
jedan od vodecih ljudi na projektu Ariane je nas covek, doduse mislim da je sada u penziji, ali radio je do ariane 4 sigurno.I da ne zaboravim, neke komponente se izradjuju u Utvi, verovali ili ne.

zalimljivo

Da ne poverujes 

A history of space stations

November 23, 1998
Web posted at: 8:20 a.m. EST
stations
From top: Mir, Skylab, Salyut     

MOSCOW (Reuters) -- The new International Space Station, the first module of which was launched November 20, is only the latest in a series of manned outposts which have kept humans in orbit on and off since 1971.

The U.S. space agency NASA dates the first proposal for a manned station to 1869, when a U.S. science fiction writer described a "Brick Moon" orbiting Earth to help ships navigate at sea.

In 1923, Romanian Hermann Oberth was the first to use the term "space station" for his wheel-like facility that would help launch astronauts to the moon and Mars.

After World War II, German rocket scientist Wernher von Braun helped popularize space stations, publishing his vision of a spinning wheel-shaped station, much like that used in the 1968 film "2001: A Space Odyssey."

The Soviet Union launched the world's first space station, Salyut 1, in 1971, a decade after Moscow put the first man into space. The first crew arrived several days later but could not get the hatch to open properly and returned home a few hours later.

The next crew of three succeeded in getting on board and spending 22 days in the cramped module, with Soviet television highlighting their adventures on the evening news. But tragedy struck after they entered their capsule to return home when air leaked out and they died.

Moscow sent up a series of subsequent Salyut stations in the 1970s and early 1980s, gradually increasing the amount of time cosmonauts spent on board.

"The most important thing about these flights is that they proved the overall possibility to increase the duration of flights progressively," said Oleg Gazenko, who worked in the program at the time as director of the Institute of Medical and Biological Problems.
City in Space
   

Headquarters

    * Station News
    * Feature Stories
    * Orbital Cinema
    * 360° images

Briefing Room

    * Interactive Spacesuit
    * The Clickable ISS
    * Construction Calendar
    * Space Station Partners
    * Space Station VRML

Space Lounge

       

"During the Soyuz-9 mission (in 1970) a flight of about 16 days, this crew did not feel very well, so there were doubts as to whether the unpleasant effects of weightlessness could be overcome," he said in an interview. "The orbital station showed that it was in fact possible."

The United States sent its first space station, the larger Skylab, into orbit in 1973, but it hosted just three crews before it was abandoned in 1974. It fell to Earth five years later, killing a cow in Australia upon landing.

As the United States moved its efforts to short-term shuttle flights, Russia continued to focus on long-duration missions, and in 1986 launched the first module of the Mir space station.

Since that time cosmonauts have continuously manned the station except for two brief periods, and from 1994-95 cosmonaut Valery Polyakov set the human space duration record with 438 days in orbit.

Russia continued adding modules to Mir until the arrival of the seventh component, Priroda, in 1996, and it hosted a series of American and other foreign astronauts. But a Russian-American crew nearly died in 1997 when Mir collided with a resupply ship.

Intensive repairs in the months following the collision nursed the station back to health, but NASA would like Russia to retire the record-breaking station so Moscow can focus its meager resources on the new station.

Russia has pledged to bring down the Mir station in June 1999, but in recent weeks officials, proud of their own station and saying Mir still has a few good years left, have stepped up efforts to keep it flying.

lep tekst coloseus je rekao da je sky lab trajao samo nekoliklo meseci jel to istina

jeste, skylab je bio obican modul koji se odrzao u orbiti malo duze nego standardna verzija. on je vise bio mala naucna letelica, nego stanica u pravom smislu te reci.
uostalom, uporedi ga sa dugovecnoscu Mir-a, pa vidi sam