Američka vojska priprema hibridnu "sjenku"



LEGENDARNI Hummer uskoro bi mogao postati prošlost kad su u pitanju kopnene snage Američke vojske. PO svemu sudeći zamijenit će ga Shadow RST-V, prvo hibridno vozilo vojne namjene.

Projekt započet 1997. godine u svojoj desetoj godini postojanja donosi prve značajne rezultate. Hadow RST-V je, kako daje naslutiti kratica (RST-V - Reconnaissance, Surveillance, Targeting Vehicle) je višenamjensko izviđačko vozilo koje bi u narednim godinama trebalo unaprijediti mobilnost američkih vojnih snaga i u konačnici zamijeniti još uvijek vrlo aktualan HMMWV (High-Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle), poznatiji u američkom žargonu kao Humvee, a široj populaciji po civilnoj izvedbi (Hummer).



Projekt novog vozila započet je na inicijativu ONR-a (Office of Naval Research) i DARPA-e (Defense Advanced Research Agency) koji su uzevši u obzir kompleksnost razvoja svakog proizvoda vojne namjene raspisali natječaj u Humvee-jevim zlatnim godinama.

1999. godine započela je izrada četiri demonstracijska vozila, koji su 2002. godine opremljeni cjelokupnom vojnom opremom i podvrgnuti rigoroznim testiranjima i usavršavani sve do 2004. godine. "hibridna" priča započinje godinu dana kasnije kada je donesena odluka o nadogradnji vozila generatorom snage 30 kW. Cilj je bio osigurati dovoljno električne energije za pogon brojnih elektronskih uređaja, no u konačnici je stvoreno vozilo s hibridnim pogonom.



Dizel električni pogon na sve kotače pokazao se više no učinkovitim. Da, usprkos činjenici da cijena goriva niti jednoj vojsci svijeta ne predstavlja ograničenje, a kamoli najjačoj vojnoj sili svijeta, ipak je potrošnja goriva imala itekako velik značaj. Naime, trećina ljudskih resursa u oružanim snagama spada u logistiku, a gotovo 70 % tereta u operacijama predstavlja upravo gorivo. Dakle, smanjenjem potrošnje goriva povećava se mobilnost i dodatno reducira učestalost (i veličina) opskrbnih konvoja izloženih neprijateljskoj vatri.



Konkretno, osnova pogona Shadowa je 2.5-litarski  turbodizelski common-rail motor smještan sprijeda koji razvija 114 kW/155 KS (Detroit Diesel), a posredno omogućava rad vozila u svim modovima, od operativnog, preko hibridnog do tzv. "stealth" moda. Dizelski motor pokreće 110 kW generator koji električnom energijom snabdijeva elektromotore smještene u kotačima, svaki snage 50 kW. In-wheel tehnologija ovdje je više no poželjna, jer vozilo ostaje pokretno i sa samo jednim ispravnim elektromotorom.

Također, električna energija se pohranjuje u SAFT-ove Li-Ion baterije koje daju maksimum od 80 kW, a nominalno osiguravaju oko 20 sati energetske neovisnosti. Naime, baterijski pogon koristi se kada situacija nalaže termičku i akustičku nevidljivost, baš kao što je to u slučaju podmornica. Tijekom borbenih djelovanja ili pri prelasku teško prohodnog terena, pogonski sustav koristi oba izvora energije, dizelski motor i baterije. Svi koji su upoznati s Toyotom Prius znat će o čemu se ovdje radi.



Manje je važno da je maksimalna brzina vozila 112 km/h, kao i da ubrzanje do 48 km/h traje 4 sekunde, a do 96 km/h oko 15 sekundi. 5,45 metara dugo i 2,057 metara široko vozilo u punoj vojnoj opremi ima masu od 3.629 kg. Što se same potrošnje goriva tiče reći ćemo da s jednim spremnikom goriva kapaciteta 95 litara vozilo može prijeći do 758 km (pri 50 km/h). Pritom valja spomenuti kako je energija pohranjena u baterijama dostatna za još 32 km. Primjera radi, HMMWV s istom količinom goriva može prijeći tek 563 km.

Više o Shadowu

Shadow RST-V je predviđen za smještaj četiri putnika, bolje rečeno vojnika. Sjedala su maksimalno primaknuta centralnoj liniji vozila, a putnici su zaštićeni neprobojnim staklima. Dodatno je moguće vozilo opremiti lakim oklopom koje štiti od pješačkog naoružanja.



Kad smo kod naoružanja spomenimo kako Shadow-ova kompatibilnost obuhvaća strojnice kalibra 7,62 i 12,7 mm, 40-mm bacač projektila, kao i TOW protutenkovsko naoružanje. Također, u ovu domenu spada radarski sustav, kao i termalni osjetnici te GPS sustav pozicioniranja. Oprema uključuje lasersko označavanje ciljeva, kao i komunikacijsku opremu sa satelistkom vezom.

Još jedna posebnost Shadowa je njegova konstrukcija. Karoserija je aluminijska, a gabariti vozila su usklađeni sa standardima zračnog prijevoza, što uključuje i svladavanje kuta prilazne rampe.



Nadalje, vozilo posjeduje pneumatski ovjes putem kojeg je moguće po potrebi spustiti vozilo, maksimalno na 10 cm udaljenosti podnice od tla. Osim toga, kotači se mogu uvlačiti, što za posljedicu ima smanjnje traga kotača sa 2.066 na svega 1.578 mm. Primjerice, zrakoplov tipa C5 Galaxy može prevesti 21 vozilo.

Prednosti Shadowa u odnosu na postojeći Humvee su više no očite. One najvažnije su manja potrošnja gotriva, bolja manevrabilnost, veća doza pouzdanosti (dva pogonska sustava), kao i lakši prijevoz.



Sve to govori da će Shadow u narednim godinama biti sve važniji pokretač američkih kopnenih snaga. No trebat će još godinama čekati da posve istisne Humveeja koji danas čini osnovu kopnenih snaga s čak jedanaest različitih izvedbi.

Izvor: Index

 

Ma super je samo nema jedan sistem odbrane.A to je cuveni i u svetu nadaleko poznati SRPSKI sistem postavljanja
nagaznih mina "ofrlje".... Kad mi miniramo nece im ni ovaj "nalickani"pomoc...

 "Sjedala su maksimalno primaknuta centralnoj liniji vozila, a putnici su zaštićeni neprobojnim staklima. Dodatno je moguće vozilo opremiti lakim oklopom koje štiti od pješačkog naoružanja."

Neodoljivo me podseca na jedan Lamborgini projekat sa kraja 80-ih

kola su ekstra, kao da su izasla iz nekog filma 

koji da nije na m

Ne secam se, pokusacu da pronadjem imam ga u nekom domacem auto casopisu iz 1990. koliko se secam imao je max. brzinu od oko 200km/h sto je nevidjeno za tu vrstu vozila. Ipak, mislim da nije usao u serijsku proizvodnju.

obozavam lamborghini

Shadow RST-V Reconnaissance Surveillance Targeting Vehicle, USA

The US Marine Corps and US Army Special Operations Command are closely monitoring a new deep strike, deep reconnaissance vehicle program called Shadow. The Shadow is a Reconnaissance, Surveillance, Targeting Vehicle (RST-V), developed by General Dynamics Land Systems. The Shadow RST-V was developed for the Marine Corps Warfighting Laboratory, sponsored by the Defense Advanced Research Agency (DARPA) and the Office of Naval Research (ONR).

The Shadow RST-V is a 4x4 hybrid electric drive vehicle with reconnaissance, surveillance, targeting and C3I (command, control, communications and intelligence) capability coupled with integrated stealth and survivability features. The vehicle can be equipped in a range of mission variants including: forward observer, forward air control, reconnaissance, light strike, battlefield ambulance, air defense, logistics, personnel carrier, anti-armor and mortar weapons carrier. For a Command Post variant, the roof of the Shadow is extended.

The Shadow RST-V has significantly improved fuel economy and survivability and can be transported in roll on/roll off mode in a CH-53 or CH-46 helicopter, V-22 tiltrotor and C-130 transporter. Up to 21 vehicles can be carried in a C-5 Galaxy aircraft or 12 in the C-17 Globemaster.
THE SHADOW RST-V PROGRAM

In 1997, ONR and DARPA awarded contracts General Dynamics Land Systems (GDLS) and Lockheed Martin Missiles and Fire Control to develop a new reconnaissance vehicle that could be developed in a number of mission variants. The vehicles currently used by the US Marine Corps are the M151 A2 fast attack vehicle and the AM General High Mobility Multi-purpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV).

In 1999, GDLS was awarded a contract for the second phase of the Shadow RST-V program, covering the build of four demonstrator vehicles and an option for 39 additional vehicles. Main subcontractors include: Magnet Motors based in Germany, responsible for the electric drives and controls, General Dynamics - Canada (formerly Computing Devices Canada), responsible for integration of the reconnaissance, surveillance and targeting systems and Signature Research, which is carrying out the survivability subsystems integration.

The four RST-V vehicles were delivered in 2002 and were integrated with mission-specific equipment. This was followed by Limited User Evaluation at Yuma Proving Ground in Arizona in 2004.

In May 2005, GDLS was awarded a contract for the upgrade of the RST-V. The upgrade supports continued operational evaluation of the vehicle as a utility carrier, prime mover and electrical generator for various US Marine Corps applications. The upgrade will include a 30kW export power capability generated by the vehicle's hybrid electric drive, which could power battlefield loads such as the Unit Operations Center and radars. The vehicle will be evaluated in an operational environment in early 2006.
SHADOW RST-V VEHICLE INFORMATION

The Shadow RST-V has a crew of four. The crew seats, supplied by Oregon Aero, are located next to the centerline of the vehicle. Bulletproof windows can be installed on the front and sides. There are two doors on the sides of the Shadow and a ramp at the back provides entry to the internal cargo area.

The vehicle has an aluminum body. The optional armor package provides protection against small arms fire and mines.
WEAPONS SYSTEMS

A 7.62mm, 12.7mm machine gun, 40mm grenade launcher, Objective Crew Served Weapon (OCSW), Javelin or TOW anti-tank missile systems can be mounted on the roof hatch.

The Shadow can be fitted with a defensive aids suite including radar and laser warning receivers, and missile warners.
SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS

A 3m extending mast equipped with a suite of electro-optical sensors is fitted to the Shadow. The surveillance suite was developed by General Dynamics - Canada and includes a dual field of view day and thermal imaging sensor, operating at 3 to 5 microns wavelength, as well as a Northrop Grumman Lightweight Laser Designator and Ranger (LLDR). The sensor suite is linked to an inertial navigation and global positioning system with a Smiths Industries north direction finder with azimuthal accuracy of 3.6 mil.

The communications systems include an ITT SINCGARS ASIIIP VHF transponder and satellite communications.
PROPULSION SYSTEM

The Shadow RST-V has a hybrid-electric drive based on a front mounted turbocharged, intercooled common rail direct injection diesel engine, type 2.5 liter DI-4V, supplied by Detroit Diesel and rated at 114kW. The diesel engine powers a 110kW Magnet Motors permanent magnet generator that drives four 50kW Magnet Motors permanent magnetic hub motors, mounted one in each of the Shadow's four wheel hubs. The power generation system also includes twin SAFT Li-Ion battery packs with total rated output of 20kW hours and a peak power output of 80kW.

The vehicle is fitted with a pneumatic suspension, which can reduce the dimensions of the Shadow by allowing the tyres to be pulled in (from 79in footprint to 62in) and the height of the vehicle to be dropped so the base of the vehicle is 0.1m off the ground. This is to enable transport by V-22 tiltrotor. The base of the Shadow is arched to allow it to move over the ramp angle of aircraft, which also contributes to increased obstacle crossing capability.
ELECTRIC DRIVE SYSTEM

The hybrid electric drive system enables the vehicle to operate in stealth, hybrid and engine only modes. In stealth mode the Shadow can be powered by battery only which provides a significant reduction in acoustic and thermal signatures.

During maneuvers requiring rapid acceleration or maximum torque for steep gradients or to recharge the battery pack, the Shadow is operated in hybrid mode using power from the diesel engine and taking energy from or returning it to the batteries as needed. The Shadow is used in engine only mode to drive the vehicle should the battery pack be inoperative or not used.

The elimination of the conventional mechanical drive train allows the vehicle interior to have the same cubic storage as a HMMWV and still fit within the V-22 envelope. Built-in redundancy in the motor design allows the Shadow's commander the option to continue a maneuver or return to a place of safety on a single wheel motor.

The vehicle has demonstrated maximum road speeds of 112km per hour. With 95 litres of fuel, the Shadow has an unrefueled range of 758km at a speed of 50km per hour. Using only battery power the vehicle's range is 32km.